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The total cost of the energy system is €20.7 billion per year, or €91.2/MWh on average. That includes capital expenses (CAPEX), fixed operations & maintenance (FOM) and variable operations & maintenance (VOM) costs.
The total cost of the electricity system is €7.6 billion per year, or €58.8/MWh of final demand on average. The most expensive technologies by annualized cost are solar PV, wind offshore, CCGTs, wind onshore and batteries.
However, electricity is also used to power PCCCs and DACs and as feedstock for electrolysers. If the total cost of the electricity system is compared to the system demand (158.3 TWh, of which 129.4 TWh of final demand), the commodity cost amounts to €48.1/MWh on average.
The total cost of the hydrogen system is €5.7 billion per year, or €73.8/MWh on average. This is mainly due to H2 imports from the Netherlands at a fixed cost of €75/MWh. Electrolysis plants represent only a cost of €0.03 billion per year. As the hydrogen system is only used to supply final demand, the commodity cost remains at €73.8/MWh.
The total cost of the methane system is €6.6 billion per year, or €336.5/MWh of final demand on average. This is mainly due to CH4 imports, at a fixed cost of €40/MWh. The production of biomethane amounts for €0.7 billion per year.
However, methane is mostly used as feedstock for CCGTs. If the total cost of the methane system is compared to the system demand (134.9 TWh, of which 19.6 TWh of final demand), the commodity cost amounts to €48.9/MWh, close to the import cost of €40/MWh.